Big data and grassroots governance under the epidemic

At present, the competition between countries is a competition between the two key elements of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and national governance capabilities. Applying technology to government governance and social governance is an inevitable choice in the digital age. On the one hand, the digitalization of the economy and society puts forward new propositions for governance; on the other hand, the efficiency and scientific requirements of governance itself must also rely on the universal application of digital technology. It is necessary to better increase the people's sense of gain, happiness, and security through digital governance, and ultimately create a Chinese paradigm of digital governance by making better use of the institutional advantages of the national system and the mechanism of multiple synergy.

In this fight against the new crown pneumonia epidemic, all parts of the country have actively used big data thinking and methods to improve governance capabilities, which played an important role in the prevention and control of the epidemic. Communities in many places have established data technology to help epidemic prevention and control and refined governance mechanisms for the urban public health environment, established specialized, standardized, intelligent, and diversified urban social grassroots governance structures, and accumulated initial unique experience and practices.

The grassroots digital governance model can provide services for co-governance, rule of law, autonomy, fine governance, and smart governance. Grid-based social governance is a grassroots governance model that divides the grassroots community into a number of responsibility grids, and integrates people, places, things, things, organizations and conditions, and dynamic information into the specific grid. In this epidemic prevention and control war, the grid-based service management mechanism has played a huge role. The vast number of grid staff rushed into the battle to conduct dragnet and carpet inspections, and made important contributions to preventing the spread of the epidemic. However, it can be seen from the prevention and control of the new crown pneumonia epidemic that there are still some shortcomings and deficiencies in my country's grassroots emergency management and public health management. The number of grid personnel in the grid service management mechanism is small, and the data identification and prediction capabilities are insufficient. , The use of digital and information integration technology to build a community protection network for epidemic prevention and control, the awareness of taking precautions is not strong. In the era of big data, there are bottlenecks in the improvement of grassroots governance capabilities and levels: First, the composition of government agencies presents a bureaucracy, and people live in various urban and rural communities. Vertical government management has not achieved full coverage and integration of urban and rural residents living in flat areas. Second, some staff currently lack the awareness and experience of "data communication", and still collect data in multiple ways by issuing documents and filling in forms. At the same time, the intelligent face recognition APP developed by grassroots governance and community emergency management services has weaknesses in technology, paths, standards and specifications. Through this epidemic, we can see the massive release of management transformation needs, and all parties are also exploring upgrade strategies. Among them, data operation capabilities are insufficient, and the problem of single path and mode is prominent. At present, many management service personnel can only access the machine, system, and platform, but the relevant database is not open, and the internal and external data flow cannot be opened up. Most of the transformation organizations have insufficient understanding of digital technology and lack of experience in operating data platforms. Solving the problem of ineffective collaborative governance caused by division of departments, scattered information, and excessive levels has become a top priority.

It is an inevitable choice to give full play to the huge utility of big data informatization and accelerate the transformation of digital governance. Combining information technologies such as the Internet, big data, cloud computing, Internet of Things, 5G, and blockchain, and using information sharing platforms to effectively integrate social forces such as party committees, governments, society, communities, enterprises, and non-governmental organizations, and aggregate various data resources , To create an intelligent, refined, and data platform for community management services, community risk early-warning monitoring, urban management, grassroots governance, and emergency management, so as to achieve customized, personalized, and precise solutions for service and risk prevention and early warning problems to meet Demands of urban and rural residents.

Promote the professionalization and youthfulness of the grid staff. The grid staff played an important role in assisting in the investigation of the epidemic, and they can be called the vanguard of the construction of Safe China. For this reason, it is necessary to greatly improve the treatment of grid staff, explore the professional qualification certification system for grid staff, and realize the rule of law and professionalism in the construction of grid staff. Establish grid personnel entry and exit mechanisms, optimize grid personnel team structure, increase training efforts, improve grid personnel's professional quality, and comprehensively improve grid personnel's big data technology application and emergency management capabilities.

Promote the integration of grid service management system and emergency management system. Accelerate the integration and aggregation of the existing data resources of relevant departments of social governance, strengthen the networking of information systems, and realize data analysis and application sharing, relying on the grid service management center to build an emergency management information system, and implement unified technical standards and operating specifications , Breaking down data barriers and mechanism barriers. Open horizontally, realize organic connection with various government service platforms, real-time monitoring, diversion and disposal, tracking and imputation. On this basis, the vertical connection is promoted, and the five-level linkage of emergency management from the "hands" of grid members to villages (communities), towns (streets), counties (districts), cities and even provinces is realized, and the basic level is improved. The full-time, dynamic, and accuracy of social information management. At the same time, it will promote video connectivity, realize the "Xueliang Project" and emergency management system, and access to villages (communities), towns (streets), and corporate video systems at different levels of authority, and enhance grassroots emergency coordination and command capabilities.

Establish an emergency big data command and dispatch center. We are now fully qualified and able to achieve information transparency, balanced scheduling, and monitoring in place with the support of big data and information integration technology. First, we must make full use of China's Internet platform advantages, advanced logistics information advantages, and specialized efficiency advantages to conduct joint operations, rapid structure, and efficient deployment. Second, we must unify technical routes, standardize API open ports, clarify platform connection procedures, and establish four emergency big data intelligent dispatch platforms, namely, emergency big data command platform, emergency logistics command platform, emergency material support (e-commerce) platform, and emergency urban transportation Command platform. Using new technological power and big data dividends, we can achieve efficient aggregation of key data, accurate release of emergency supplies, and urban emergency traffic dispatch, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of emergency command and enabling the government and people to overcome difficulties faster in times of crisis.

Improve the enthusiasm and initiative of social organizations and enterprises to participate in grassroots governance and community management services. Through tax cuts, government purchases of services, or subsidies, enterprises participating in grassroots governance and community public service management will be given certain policy support and financial compensation to mobilize enterprises’ Active initiative; guide enterprises to actively participate in grassroots social governance and community construction, build a new pattern and new form of grassroots social governance, and build a social governance community where everyone is responsible, everyone is responsible, and everyone enjoys.

Explore the upgrading of grid-based service management to network-based governance to help build a new form and new pattern of grassroots social governance. As a governance model, networked governance is of great value in giving full play to market-oriented and socialized power in multi-government under the reality of insufficient government power. Starting from the urgent needs of the current grassroots social governance practices, the technical management and control functions in the grid service management mechanism are better, and the governance service functions are relatively weak. Therefore, grid-based service management should be upgraded to networked governance in the overall idea and specific governance practices of municipal social governance, and this upgrade path lies in retaining functions and enabling grid-based management and its integration and improvement to build a complete system , A scientific, standardized, and efficient new era grid service management innovation work mechanism, perfect the social security prevention and control system, and improve the public security and social risk prevention system mechanisms.

(Author: Ann Yang of China Law Society Legal Culture Research Association, researcher, professor of Central China Normal University)